After some work and investigation, I have successfully built Retroarch 1.3.4 and most cores in Debian Stretch, fully functional. I hope some people appreciate this, as there is very little to go on on the internet, aside from the wiki (which was the best help I got) and some very vague posts. Anyhow, open terminal and:
First, install all dependencies
sudo apt-get install debhelper dh-exec libasound2-dev libavcodec-dev libavdevice-dev libavformat-dev libavutil-dev libc6-dev libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libfreetype6-dev libgbm-dev libjack-jackd2-dev libopenal-dev libpulse-dev libsdl2-dev libswscale-dev libudev-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libv4l-dev libxinerama-dev libxml2-dev libxv-dev libxxf86vm-dev pkg-config python3-dev x11proto-xext-dev zlib1g-dev devscripts git nvidia-cg-toolkit
Then:
Go to a directory that you would like to download to (ie: Downloads)
git clone git://github.com/libretro/libretro-super.git
Move to the directory created:
cd libretro-super
Run the command to fetch all files (takes some time of course):
./libretro-fetch.sh
Then build retroarch:
./retroarch-build.sh
Then build all cores (again, more time. Go get something to eat/drink):
NOCLEAN=1 ./libretro-build.sh
Then Install:
mkdir -p ~/ra/cores
cd retroarch
make DESTDIR=~/ra install
cd ..
./libretro-install.sh ~/ra/cores
You will have an “ra” directory in your home folder. In ~/ra/usr/local/bin is the Retroach executable. Run it and be sure to set up all paths (to cores in ~/ra/cores, to your tmp directory for file extraction, etc).
It should be self explanatory from here if you have used Retroarch on any platform in the past. Additional cores (and assets, so on) can be downloaded from inside of RetroArch. Enjoy!