So, this is based on the latest github versions as of 10/7/2019. I went through core by core and tested loading sample content. If the game loaded, I listed it as working. Otherwise, I listed it as not working.
This is based on the cores I have been able to compile, as documented here: Script to Compile the latest github for retroarch+cores for iOS
The format is:
Some Platform (Some Core) - ***Does it work on iOS?*** - Does it work on Windows? - Notes, if any
Arcade (Daphne) - ***No*** - Broken on Windows
Arcade (MAME 2003) - ***No*** - Works on Windows
Atari - ST/STE/TT/Falcon (Hatari) - ***No*** - Works on Windows
CHIP-8 (Emux CHIP-8) - ***No*** - Broken on Windows
Nintendo - Nintendo 64 (ParaLLEI N64) - ***No*** - Works on Windows
Quake 2 (vitaQuake 2) - ***No*** - Mostly broken on Windows
Quake III: Arena (vitaQuake 3) - ***No*** - Broken on Windows
Sony - Playstation 2 (Play!) - ***No*** - Works on Windows
Minecraft (Craft) - ***No*** - Works on Windows - https://github.com/libretro/Craft/issues/13
Tomb Raider (OpenLara) - ***No*** - Works on Windows
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2048 - ***Yes***
3d Engine - ***Yes***
Amstrad - CPC (Caprice32) - ***Yes***
Amstrad - CPC (CrocoDS) - ***Yes***
Arcade (FB Alpha 2012 CPS-1) - ***Yes***
Arcade (FB Alpha 2012 CPS-2) - ***Yes***
Arcade (FB Alpha 2012 CPS-3) - ***Yes***
Arcade (FB Alpha 2012 Neo Geo) - ***Yes***
Arcade (FB Alpha 2012) - ***Yes***
Arcade (FinalBurn Neo) - ***Yes***
Arcade (MAME 2000) - ***Yes***
Arcade (MAME 2003-Plus) - ***Yes***
Arcade (MAME 2010) - ***Yes***
Arcade (MAME 2015) - ***Yes***
Arcade (MAME) - ***Yes***
Atari - 2600 (Stella 2014) - ***Yes***
Atari - 2600 (Stella) - ***Yes***
Atari - 5200 (Atari800) - ***Yes***
Atari - 7800 (ProSystem) - ***Yes***
Atari - Jaguar (Virtual Jaguar) - ***Yes***
Atari - Lynx (Beetle Handy) - ***Yes***
Atari - Lynx (Handy) - ***Yes***
Bandai - WonderSwan/Color (Beetle Cygne) - ***Yes***
Cannonball - ***Yes***
Cave Story (NXEngine) - ***Yes***
ChaiLove - ***Yes***
Commodore - Amiga (P-UAE) - ***Yes***
Commodore - C128 (VICE x128) - ***Yes***
Commodore - C64 (Frodo) - ***Yes***
Commodore - C64 (VICE x64, fast) - ***Yes***
Commodore - PLUS4 (VICE xplus4) - ***Yes***
Commodore - VIC20 (VICE xvic) - ***Yes***
Dinothawr - ***Yes***
Doom (PrBoom) - ***Yes***
DOS (DOSBox) - ***Yes***
Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup - ***Yes***
Fairchild ChannelF (FreeChaF) - ***Yes***
FFmpeg - ***Yes***
Flashback (REminiscence) - ***Yes***
Game Music Emu - ***Yes***
GCE - Vectrex (vecx) - ***Yes***
Handheld Electronic (GW) - ***Yes***
Java ME (SquirrelJME) - ***Yes*** - https://github.com/XerTheSquirrel/SquirrelJME/issues/53
Lua Engine (Lutro) - ***Yes***
Magnavox - Odyssey 2/ Phillips Videopac+ (O2EM) - ***Yes***
Mattel - Intellivision (FreeIntv) - ***Yes***
Microsoft - MSX (fMSX) - ***Yes***
Mr. Boom (Bomberman) - ***Yes***
MSX/SVI/ColecoVision/SG-1000 (blueMSX) - ***Yes***
NEC - PC Engine / CD (Beetle PCE Fast) - ***Yes***
NEC - PC Engine SuperGrafx (Beetle SGX) - ***Yes***
NEC - PC-8001 / PC-8801 (QUASI88) - ***Yes***
NEC - PC-98 (Neko Project II Kai) - ***Yes***
NEC - PC-98 (Neko Project II) - ***Yes***
NEC - PC-FX (Beetle PC-FX) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - DS (DeSmuME) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - DS (melonDS) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy / Color (Emux GB) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy / Color (Gambatte) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy / Color (Gearboy) - ***Yes***
NIntendo - Game Boy / Color (SameBoy) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy / Color (TBG Dual) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy Advance (Beetle GBA) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy Advance (gpSP) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy Advance (Meteor) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy Advance (mGBA) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy Advance (VBA Next) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Game Boy Advance (VBA-M) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - NES / Famicom (bnes) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - NES / Famicom (Emux NES) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - NES / Famicom (FCEUmm) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - NES / Famicom (Mesen) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - NES / Famicom (Nestopia UE) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - NES / Famicom (QuickNES) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Nintendo 64 (Mupen64Plus-Next) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Pokemon Mini (PokeMini) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (Beetle bsnes) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes 2014 Accuracy) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes 2014 Balanced) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes 2014 Performance) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes Accuracy) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes Balanced) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes C++98 (v085)) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes HD) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes Performance) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes-mercury Accuracy) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes-mercury Balanced) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes-mercury Performance) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (Mesen-S) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (Snes9x 2002) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (Snes9x 2005) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (Snes9x 2010) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (Snes9x) - ***Yes***
Nintendo - Virtual Boy (Beetle VB) - ***Yes***
Oberon RISC Emulator - ***Yes***
Palm OS (Mu) - ***Yes***
PocketCDG - ***Yes***
Quake (TyrQuake) - ***Yes***
Rick Dangerous (XRick) - ***Yes***
RPG Maker 2000/2003 (EasyRPG) - ***Yes***
ScummVM - ***Yes***
Sega - Dreamcast/NAOMI (Flycast) - ***Yes***
Sega - Master System (Emux SMS) - ***Yes***
Sega - MS/GG/MD/CD (Genesis Plus GX) - ***Yes***
Sega - MS/GG/SG-1000 (Gearsystem) - ***Yes***
Sega - MS/MD/CD/32X (PicoDrive) - ***Yes***
Sega - Saturn (Beetle Saturn) - ***Yes***
Sega - Saturn (Yabause) - ***Yes***
Sharp - X68000 (PX68k) - ***Yes***
Sinclair - ZX 81 (EightyOne) - ***Yes***
SNK - Neo Geo Pocket / Color (Beetle NeoPop) - ***Yes***
Sony - PlayStation (Beetle PSX) - ***Yes***
Sony - PlayStation (PCSX ReARMed) [Interpreter] - ***Yes***
Test - ***Yes***
The 3DO Company - 3DO (4DO) - ***Yes***
The Powder Toy - ***Yes***
Thomson - MO/TO (Theodore) - ***Yes***
TIC-80 - ***Yes***
Uzebox (Uzem) - ***Yes***
ZX Spectrum (Fuse) - ***Yes***
Here are the list of cores that I have not been able to compile on iOS yet (but which do appear in the Windows Core Updater):
Arcade (Mame 2016)
bsnes_accuracy_libretro.dll
bsnes_balanced_libretro.dll
bsnes_performance_libretro.dll
Commodore - C64 (VICE x64sc, accurate)
Commodore - PET (VICE xpet)
DOS (DOSBox-SVN Glide)
DOS (DOSBox-SVN)
fbalpha_libretro.dll.zip
Imageviewer
Multi (MESS 2015)
Multi (UME 2015)
NEC - PC Engine / SuperGrafx / CD (Beetle PCE)
Nintendo - 3DS (Citra Canary/Experimental)
Nintendo - 3ds (Citra)
Nintendo - DS (DeSmuME 2015)
Nintendo - Gamecube / Wii (Dolphin)
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (bsnes)
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (higan accuracy)
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (nSide Balanced)
Nintendo - SNES / Famicom (Snes9x 2005 Plus)
PSP Remote Play (RemoteJoy)
Redbook Audio Player
Sega - Mega Drive - Genesis (BlastEm)
Sega - Saturn (YabaSanshiro)
Sega - Saturn/ST-V (Kronos)
Sony - PlayStation (Beetle PSX HW)
Sony - PlayStation (PCSX ReARMed)
Sony - Playstation Portable (PPSSPP)
VeMUlator
vitaquake3-oa_libretro.dll.zip