I got it working in Linux. It is not pretty, but it is working through the normal RetroArch GUI.
First of all, I installed retroarch and placed the “hash” Folder from MAME in the system/mame Folder. I also have the “cdi200.rom cdi220b.rom cdimono1.zip” files there but I do not know if they are used.
In my ROMs Folder I have a folder named “cdimono1”. In that folder I have the cdimono1.zip (BIOS files). Also in this folder are the games. For example Hotel Mario:
hotel mario (1994)(philips)(eu)[!].chd
Know I created a symbolic link to that file named “hotmario.chd”. I did not test it with an empty file but should work too. Again:
ROMs/cdimono1/cdimono1.zip
ROMs/cdimono1/hotel mario (1994)(philips)(eu)[!].chd
ROMs/cdimono1/hotmario.chd
Names are very important here. The filenames are from the XML files inside the mame/hash folder.
Now I start RetroArch and enable the MAME Core. As for the content I choose the “hotmario.chd” file. Now the MAME cdi system starts and I can start the game.