Who knows. When you deleted the Retroarch folder, a bunch of files that are related to Mame functionality were deleted and fresh ones were created. Such as:
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The core file. Make sure you have the updated current mame core. Delete any other older mame core version to ensure they are not automatically used.
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The mame.opt file. Thats the core options configuration file, in the config/mame folder. Maybe you changed something there while troubleshooting and needed its default value.
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The main Retroarch.cfg file in the root/main folder. Same as above.
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The nvram/ini files of the games. Whenever you run a game, these files are created in the nvram and ini folders, in system/mame. Maybe you already had these from your previous attempts and were corrupted or wrong.
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The mame default.cfg in saves/mame/cfg folder. This is where the native mame settings are saved via the TAB menu. It shouldn’t cause crashes but you got a fresh one regardless so who knows.