Whether you see scanline gaps or not has nothing to do with the refresh rate of your display or console. It depends on the output resolution at the time of the console and particular game.
I don’t know too much about Dreamcast but if you hooked it up to a VGA PC monitor and had it set to 640 x 480 you probably wouldn’t see large scanline gaps as well like you do with older generation consoles.
Likewise if the Dreamcast is outputting 640 x 480 interlaced to a regular TV, you probably won’t see large scanline gaps as well.
The only time you would see them like in your CRT photos is if the console is currently outputting a 240p signal.
So you might need to adjust the Internal Resolution in your emulator core to 320 x 240. The thing is though, if you do that, it wouldn’t automatically switch to 640 x 480 for high res games.