Yes, 2003+ outputs at 1024x768 so has less aliasing, where FBNeo just 640x480; They both looks ok if not zoomed in IMHO. (and for a fair comparison, the screenshots should be 1:1, but they all seem to have a different resolution (?) )
I cannot speak for other cores, as I don’t know how they render the beams; what appears evident is that the bloom is not doing its job in Mame 2003 and Mame current; that could be indeed due to an higher core resolution or a less bright picture.; That could be probably worked out by pushing the the input signal gain and/or tweaking the blur radius by a small amount.